在中学英语教学中,提到强调句型时,通常指的是:"It be…that…"这一结构(简称It-type强调句)。 这确实是一个非常有用的句型,在中学英语课本中也多次出现,例如:
It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes.(SBI,P28)
决不只是盲人才犯这样愚蠢的错误。
It was the goat's eyes that he had seen in the darkness.(SBI,P211) 他在黑暗中看到的就是这只山羊的眼睛。
It-type强调句的特征是:如果我们把"It be…that…"从句中划去,所剩的正好是一个完整的句子。例如 上面第一句经过处理后就成了:
Not onlt blind men make such stupid mistakes.
它的意思仍然是完整的,只是强调意味已经失去。实际上"It be…that…"只不过是一个框架而已,它的各 部份在句子中均不担任成份。
It-type强调句通常可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语。但强调状语时,有几个方面是必须注意的:
1.条件,让步状语从句不能强调,例如:
If it rains,we won't go out.
如果下雨,我们就不出去。
We'll try to finish the work in time though we are short ofman power.
虽然我们缺乏人力,我们还是要设法按时完成这项工作。
不能强调为:
It is if it rains that we won't go out.
It is though we are short of manpower that we'll try to finish the work in time.
2.It-type强调句可强调because引导的原因状语从句,但不可强调as,since引导的原因状语从句,例如:
I do it because I like it.因为我喜欢,我才干。
可强调为:
It is because I like it that I do it.
下面这个句子则不可以强调:
Since no one is against it,we'll adopt the proposal.
既然没有人反对,这个议案我们就通过了。
3.It-type强调句可强调so that引起的目的状语从句,但不能强调so that引起的结果状语从句,例如:
The six blind men asked the driver to stop the beast so that they could have a "look".
六个盲人要求赶象人让这头巨兽停下来,以便他们能“看一看”。
可强调为:
It was so that they could have a "look"that the six blindmen asked the driver to stop the be ast.
下面这个句子则不可以强调:
He didn't plan his time well,so that he didn't finish thework in time.
他没有把时间计划好,结果没有按时完成这项工作。
4.对由until引起的短语或从句强调,要注意否定前移,例如:
I didn't learn it until yesterday.
直到昨天我才知道这件事。
写成强调句型应该是:
It was not until yesterday that I learned it. 在中学英语课本中还多次出现"What…be…"结构的句型(简称wh-type强调句),它同样具有很浓的强调意 味,例如:
What we need is more time.(SBI,P126)
我们需要更多的时间。
我们可以用对待It-type强调句的方法,把"What…be…"作为一个框架而划去,所剩的也是一个完整的句子 :We need more time.
不同的是,what和be在句子中都可以担任成份。上面这个句子可以看成是What引导一个主语从句,而be则 是系动词,后接表语。
Wh-type强调句可用来强调主语、宾语、表语,例如:
But what surprised me most was to see some of the villagepeople seated on the benches at the
end of the room.(SBII,P166)
然而,最使我奇怪的是看到村子里的一些人坐在教室后头的长凳上。
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